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You have to capture usb traffic of the guest from the host. Either via VirtualBox tools https://docs.oracle.com/en/virtualization/virtualbox/6.0/admin/usbtrafficcapturing.html on the host. Or load the "usbmon" module on the host and start wiresharrk and capture from the usbmon where X is the USB Bus where the device you want to capture is.

Note that the usbmon method capture all the traffic from devices on the same bus, while the virtuabox one allows to capture only one USB device traffic . But sadly here with VirtualBox 6.1.40 r154048 (Qt5.15.4) the VirtualBox method fails silently on the first attempt then on second attempt fails with: VBoxManage: error: Code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005) - Operation failed (extended info not available) VBoxManage: error: Context: "AttachUSBDevice(usbId.raw(), captureFilename.raw())" at line 1428 of file VBoxManageControlVM.cpp